Every MWh audit-ready, from fuel to substation.

Phase 1: Pick the site once the substation can take the power.

A plant only gets built if it is in the RUPTL and the grid can carry its output. The technology chosen here sets the unit's carbon quota for decades.

What needs to be ready

1. • 1.1

     1.1 RUPTL, substation and land status

     Confirm the project is listed in the RUPTL, the target substation has capacity, and the site sits outside the state forest estate or holds a forest-use approval.

     • Environmental permits
     • Biodiv+
   • 1.2

     1.2 Nature and community baseline

     Survey montane forest at planned wellpads, marine life at the planned intake, and fishing grounds and customary land before public consultation.

     • Biodiversity
     • Biodiv+
   • 1.3

     1.3 Quota scenario per technology

     Cost the carbon quota for each technology option before the decision is locked. New coal plants are only allowed under exemptions, and such units may run until 2050 at the latest.

     According to Energy Ministry Regulation 10/2025

     • Decarbonisation strategy
     • Carbon+

Phase 2: Emission limits are fixed in the design drawings.

Emission controls, cooling and co-firing readiness are decided before the EPC contractor is chosen. Changing them once the unit runs means a costly retrofit.

What needs to be ready

1. • 2.1

     2.1 AMDAL and technical approvals in parallel

     One environmental impact assessment (AMDAL) covers the boiler, emission controls, intake, outfall, jetty and transmission line.

     new coal units capped at 200 mg/Nm³ for SO₂ and NOx

     According to Environment and Forestry Ministry Regulation 15/2019

     • Environmental permits
     • PROPER+
   • 2.2

     2.2 Efficiency and co-firing from the design stage

     Fix the heat rate, biomass-ready mills and feeders, heat recovery at combined-cycle plants and the use of geothermal brine.

     • Biomass & co-firing
     • Energy+
   • 2.3

     2.3 A coal ash plan from the start

     Coal ash (FABA) is classed as non-hazardous, but using it still needs approval. Plan silos, leaching (TCLP) tests and cement-plant partnerships before the unit starts.

     According to Government Regulation 22/2021

     • Waste-to-X
     • Waste+

Phase 3: Your PROPER record starts with the first pile.

Dust, sediment and community complaints peak in the construction year, and those reports are read at your first PROPER assessment. At a geothermal plant, drilling mud and H₂S from test wells are obligations before the turbine arrives.

What needs to be ready

1. • 3.1

     3.1 Construction monitoring

     Track dust, noise and sediment in the intake canal and pipe trenches every semester, then report them through the SIMPEL system.

     • PROPER
     • PROPER+
   • 3.2

     3.2 Coast and forest around the site

     Monitor seawater during jetty dredging, plant compensatory mangroves and reinject brine from test wells.

     • Nature-based solutions
     • Biodiv+
   • 3.3

     3.3 Local hiring and grievances

     Record the local-hire share, fisher compensation and every community complaint from day one, including those involving the EPC contractor.

     • Social impact
     • Social+

Phase 4: Your first year sets the unit's quota benchmark.

Emissions intensity, heat rate and auxiliary power recorded this year become the reference for the unit's whole life. CEMS and meters verified before commercial operation make those figures auditable.

What needs to be ready

1. • 4.1

     4.1 Operating certificate and CEMS link

     Apply for the operating certificate (SLO) after trial runs of emission controls and wastewater treatment, then connect CEMS so data reaches SISPEK every hour.

     According to Environment and Forestry Ministry Regulations 5/2021 and 13/2021

     • Emission & methane monitoring
     • IoT
   • 4.2

     4.2 Base-year greenhouse gas inventory

     Calculate tCO₂e per MWh for each unit from fuel use and CEMS, including emissions from mining and hauling the fuel.

     • GHG accounting
     • Carbon+
   • 4.3

     4.3 Energy manager and first audit

     Energy providers using 6,000 tonnes of oil equivalent (TOE) a year or more must appoint an energy manager, audit at least once every three years and report annually.

     According to Energy Ministry Regulation 8/2025

     • Energy audit
     • Energy+

Phase 5: Quota, fuel and rating move in the same direction.

Every heat-rate gain lowers emissions per MWh and saves fuel, while adding efficiency evidence for PROPER. Gas and geothermal plants have already shown that the top rating is within reach.

What needs to be ready

1. • 5.1

     5.1 Carbon quota as an asset

     Calculate each unit's surplus or deficit against its cap, then sell the surplus or cover the deficit with allowances or carbon units recorded in the national registry.

     According to Presidential Regulation 110/2025

     • Carbon projects
     • Carbon+
   • 5.2

     5.2 Co-firing you can prove

     Record the origin and type of biomass from every supplier so the emissions reduction claim passes verification.

     2.35 → 3.65 million tonnes of co-firing biomass, from 2025 delivery to the 2026 target

     According to PLN EPI via Kontan, 2026

     • Biomass & co-firing
     • Energy+
   • 5.3

     5.3 From Green towards Gold

     Build evidence on efficiency, coal ash use, outfall monitoring, biodiversity and SROI for fisher programmes.

     • PROPER
     • PROPER+

Phase 6: The unit stops, the site keeps its value.

Early retirement is decided through a PLN study, and the cancelled plan for the Cirebon-1 coal plant in late 2025 shows how strict the criteria are. Existing land, substations and transmission make a coal site a candidate for solar, batteries or a combined-cycle gas plant.

According to Bisnis.com, 2025; Kontan, 2026

What needs to be ready

1. • 6.1

     6.1 Retirement study and funding

     Prepare the age, utilisation, emissions and funding data assessed in a PLN study of up to six months.

     US$3.4 billion of JETP funding realised by January 2026, out of US$21.8 billion committed

     According to Energy Ministry Regulation 10/2025; Listrik Indonesia, 2026

     • Decarbonisation strategy
     • Carbon+
   • 6.2

     6.2 Repowering and permit changes

     Solar and batteries on existing land change the technology and capacity, so the Environmental Approval is amended first. Close the ash pond and restore the land before the site is reused.

     According to Government Regulation 22/2021

     • Environmental permits
     • PROPER+
   • 6.3

     6.3 Workers and local suppliers

     Map permanent, contract and outsourced workers, plus suppliers that depend on the unit, then measure transition programmes with SROI.

     • Social impact
     • Social+