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Palm Oil & Refinery

Palm oil you can prove, from plot to tank.

Every industry has its own impact points. See your sector's map

New rules, explained by what you need to prepare.

The glass facade of a modern building

The PUE you promise, proven at the meter.

We prepare the energy, water, emissions and e-waste data tenants, regulators and auditors ask for at every phase of your facility, and bring it together on Ailesh+.

See your phaseTalk to us about your facility

Capacity soars, and so does scrutiny of power and water.

Hyperscale tenants, the energy ministry, sustainability auditors and nearby residents all read PUE, WUE and Scope 2 from the same meters. Set up the meters and records properly from the start, and every report can be pulled from one source.

Risk

In Batam, residents blockaded a data-centre park over water shortages; in Purwakarta, an AI data centre was halted over incomplete permits. Indonesia has no national PUE standard yet, so each project is judged case by case.

33 million litres of water a day, the estimated demand of one AI data centre at Jatiluhur.

According to WALHI via Katadata, 2026

Opportunity

Every drop in PUE cuts the power bill and frees substation capacity for new tenants. AI tenants also increasingly ask for liquid cooling and clean energy.

1.54 vs 1.10–1.15 global average PUE in 2025 against liquid-cooled hyperscale.

According to Mastel via Bisnis.com, 2026

Priority

Meter IT and facility load before the first rack goes in, secure the water balance and its backup, then build a base-year emissions inventory. That data fills energy ministry reports, tenant contracts and the PSPK report at once.

  • Energy management (Government Regulation 33/2023 and Energy Ministry Regulation 8/2025)

    ministry regulation in force since 13 Mar 2025

    Facilities using 500 TOE a year or more as a building, or 4,000 TOE as an industrial user, must run an energy management system and report to the energy ministry.

    According to the BPK legal database; pasal.id

  • Generator emissions (Environment and Forestry Ministry Regulation 11/2021)

    periodic tests every 6 months to 3 years

    Generators above 100 kW that run 1,000 hours or more a year must be emission-tested, while emergency use of up to 200 hours is exempt.

    According to the BPK legal database

  • PSPK 1 and 2 (IFRS S1 and S2 as adopted in Indonesia)

    applies from 1 Jan 2027, phased in by issuer group

    Listed operators disclose Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions and their climate risk.

    According to IAI, 2025

PUE is decided long before the first rack arrives.

The choice of substation, water source and cooling system locks in energy and water costs for the life of the facility. Pick your phase to see what needs to be ready.

Phase 1: Substation and water matter more than land price.

A data centre's power constraint usually sits at the substation and transformer, so power for the whole campus needs to be reserved early. Cooling water is often shared with residents, so the balance must hold before you buy the land.

580 MW → 3.5 GW of national IT capacity, from mid-2026 to the 2030 projection.

According to BRIDS, 2026

What needs to be ready

    • 1.1 Substation power for the final phase

      Reserve transformer capacity and a transmission corridor with PLN for the campus's full build-out, including the clean-energy options you will promise tenants.

    • 1.2 Water balance and dry-season backup

      Fix the make-up water source, the water-use licence and the WUE target before choosing a cooling technology.

      According to Public Works Ministry Regulation 2/2024

    • 1.3 Permit screening and social map

      Secure the spatial approval (KKPR), the document type set by Amdalnet, the national environmental screening system, and a map of other water users nearby.

      According to Government Regulation 28/2025

Phase 2: PUE and WUE are locked in on the drawings.

The choice between air, evaporative and liquid cooling sets power and water use for the life of the facility. Environmental and technical approvals now run in parallel, but generators and blowdown may only operate once the technical approval is issued.

What needs to be ready

    • 2.1 Environmental and technical approvals in parallel

      File the generator emission and blowdown wastewater approvals, plus the hazardous-waste store specification, alongside the environmental document.

      According to Government Regulation 28/2025

    • 2.2 Cooling and design PUE

      Compare cooling technologies for high-density AI racks, then write the PUE and WUE targets onto the drawings.

      PUE of 1.5–2.0 for air cooling against **1.07–1.24** for liquid cooling

      According to KPMG, 2026

    • 2.3 Refrigerant and backup power

      Choose a low-GWP refrigerant and a battery storage option, since refrigerant leaks and generator diesel count as Scope 1.

Phase 3: Design PUE is proven before tenants move in.

Civil works, heavy trucks and high-voltage installation pile up during construction. Testing on dummy load before the first rack is the safest way to prove the design figures.

What needs to be ready

    • 3.1 Construction monitoring

      Monitor dust, noise and truck traffic, and keep oil, batteries and cable offcuts in the project's hazardous-waste store.

      According to Environment and Forestry Ministry Regulation 6/2021

    • 3.2 Commissioning on dummy load

      Test chillers, CDUs and UPS at stepped loads, then fit meters at the points that will anchor PUE for the facility's life.

    • 3.3 Actual embodied carbon

      Record the concrete, steel and copper actually installed as base-year Scope 3.

Phase 4: First-year figures become the benchmark in tenant contracts.

This year's monthly PUE, WUE and emissions become the reference for tenant contracts, energy ministry reports and PSPK audits. Meters recording from the first load make those figures hold up under audit.

What needs to be ready

    • 4.1 Operating certificates for generators and blowdown

      Apply for the operating certificate (SLO) after the trial runs, since discharging emissions or wastewater without one is prohibited once the trial period ends.

      According to Environment and Forestry Ministry Regulation 5/2021

    • 4.2 Energy manager and first report

      Appoint an energy manager, run an energy management system and file the first annual report with the energy ministry.

      According to Energy Ministry Regulation 8/2025

    • 4.3 Base-year greenhouse gas inventory

      Calculate Scope 1 from generators and refrigerant, location- and market-based Scope 2, and Scope 3 from hardware.

      According to Presidential Regulation 110/2025

Phase 5: A lower PUE frees power for new tenants.

More efficient cooling cuts the bill and frees substation capacity without waiting for PLN. The same figures feed energy ministry reports, tenants' Scope 2 claims and the PSPK report.

0.1 points of PUE across national IT capacity equals about **170 MW** of load.

According to Mastel via Bisnis.com, 2026

What needs to be ready

    • 5.1 Cooling optimisation

      Raise set points, use night-time free cooling and prepare liquid cooling for AI racks.

    • 5.2 Clean energy for Scope 2

      Combine PLN renewable energy certificates, renewable power contracts and rooftop solar, with documents ready for auditors.

    • 5.3 Water and residents in the dry season

      Line up non-municipal sources such as recycled or desalinated water, and share water-use data with nearby residents.

Phase 6: As the campus grows, so do permits and e-waste.

New data halls, extra generators and added cooling capacity change the figures your permits cover. Hardware refreshes every few years also produce hazardous e-waste in bulk.

What needs to be ready

    • 6.1 Permit amendments before a new phase

      Amend the Environmental Approval before extra data halls or generators start running, since changes not reflected in your permits can now draw a fine.

      According to Environment Ministry Regulation 6/2026

    • 6.2 E-waste to a licensed processor

      Destroy data with documented records, hold retired hardware in the hazardous-waste store and ship it under manifest to a licensed processor.

      4,995 tonnes of e-waste recorded nationally in 2024

      According to the Ministry of Environment, 2025

    • 6.3 Cooling retrofit and waste heat

      Design liquid-cooling retrofits as closed loops so WUE falls, then assess waste-heat reuse, which EU data centres must already report.

      According to Delegated Regulation (EU) 2024/1364

From substation to NOC, every unit has its numbers.

Every unit carries its own obligations and its own meters. Open them one by one.

Substation, UPS and batteries

Transformers step down grid voltage, then UPS and batteries bridge the first seconds of an outage until generators take over.

  • Energy
  • Waste
  • Safety

What you can manage

  • Meter facility load on the transformer secondary
  • Log transformer and UPS losses during audits
  • Handle spent batteries as hazardous waste

Backup diesel generators

A bank of generators with diesel tanks carries the full load when the grid fails and is run regularly for testing.

  • Emissions
  • Waste
  • Safety

What you can manage

  • Log running hours per unit from the first trial
  • Test emissions by capacity and running hours
  • Count generator diesel as Scope 1 emissions

Emission tests every 6 months for generators above 1,000 kW

Source: Regulation 11/2021

Hardware dock and fuel bay

Servers, racks and cooling modules arrive at the loading dock, retired hardware leaves the same way, and tankers refill the diesel.

  • Emissions
  • Waste
  • Safety

What you can manage

  • Ask hardware suppliers for product carbon footprints
  • Ask OEMs for mineral smelter reports
  • Prepare spill response at the fuel bay

38–69% of a data centre's footprint sits in Scope 3

Source: DCD, 2024

Data hall and IT load

Server racks drawing ever more power for AI loads form the PUE denominator and the basis of every tenant's bill.

  • Energy
  • Emissions

What you can manage

  • Meter IT load per tenant and per data hall
  • Write PUE into contracts as a measurable clause
  • Give tenants an emission factor per kWh

Colocation and enterprise facilities typically run at PUE 1.58–1.80

Source: Mastel via Bisnis.com, 2026

Cooling system

Chillers, cooling towers or liquid-cooling CDUs reject data-hall heat, while make-up water evaporates and blowdown is discharged.

  • Energy
  • Water
  • Emissions

What you can manage

  • Track WUE alongside PUE every month
  • Fit pH and flow sensors on the blowdown line
  • Log refrigerant top-ups as Scope 1 leaks

1.55 vs 0.30 litres per kWh: evaporative vs closed-loop liquid cooling

Source: KPMG, 2026

Retired hardware and e-waste

Servers, storage, switches and batteries are replaced every few years and leave as hazardous waste once their data is destroyed.

  • Waste
  • Emissions
  • Safety

What you can manage

  • Destroy data with documented records
  • Refurbish and resell before disposal
  • Ship e-waste under manifest to licensed processors

4,995 tonnes of e-waste recorded nationally in 2024

Source: Ministry of Environment, 2025

Solar, RECs and PPAs

Rooftop solar, PLN renewable energy certificates and renewable power contracts lower the market-based Scope 2 tenants claim.

  • Energy
  • Emissions

What you can manage

  • Keep REC documents ready for PSPK audits
  • Report both location- and market-based Scope 2
  • Pass certificates and emission factors to tenants

6.43 TWh of PLN RECs sold in 2025, up 19.65%

Source: PLN via Kontan, 2026

NOC and reporting

The DCIM and BMS control room monitors load, temperature and water, and energy ministry, tenant and PSPK reports are built here.

  • Energy
  • Water
  • Emissions

What you can manage

  • A PUE, WUE and carbon-intensity dashboard per data hall
  • Pull ministry and PSPK reports from one source
  • Keep compliance evidence ready if designated for PROPER

24 annual indicators required of EU data centres of 500 kW and above

Source: CMS, 2024

Residents, water and local jobs

Residents share the same water source and grid, and judge the facility by their taps, the generator hum and passing trucks.

  • Community
  • Water
  • Emissions

What you can manage

  • Log and answer every resident complaint
  • Secure your own water source for the dry season
  • Train local technicians with vocational schools

Batam's authority now requires data centre developers to build their own seawater plants

Source: Katadata, 2026

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Typical facility illustration; not a specific site.

One source of figures for tenants, regulators and PSPK.

Without a single source, BMS figures are copied by hand into ministry reports, tenant packs and sustainability reports, and any mismatch can sink a claim at audit. Ailesh+ pulls data straight from meters and IoT sensors: energy and PUE in Energy+, generators, refrigerant and RECs in Carbon+, and e-waste and water in Waste+. ESG+ then builds the PSPK report and tenant data packs from that same source.

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Tell us your capacity and phase. We'll map the meters, permits and data that need to be ready first.

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